1) Gravitational law
WHERE :
F = Gravitational force
m(1) = Mass In the first object
m(2) = Mass In the second object
G = Gravitational constant
r = Distance between the center of gravity of objects
NOTE: Any mass in the universe has the potential to create a force that attracts nearly any other mass. It is the force of gravity. ( G = 6.67 * 10^(-11) )
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2) Force of gravity on an object
on the surface of the earth
WHERE :
F = Gravitational force of surface of the earth
M = Mass of Earth
m = Mass of the object
G = Gravitational constant
R = Radius of the earth
IMPORTANT: Where the radius of the object is ignored. But to find the distance between the two center of gravity, one must add the distance from the earth's surface to the earth's radius. Therefore all distances relative to the earth should be measured from the center of the earth.
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3) Gravitational acceleration
WHERE :
g = Gravitational acceleration
M = Mass of Earth
G = Gravitational constant
r = Distance between gravitational points of objects
IMPORTANT: The acceleration of gravity does not depend on the mass of the object, it depends only on the mass and distance of the earth. The gravitational acceleration of the Earth's surface is approximately 9.8 square meters per second. As the distance increases, the acceleration of gravity gradually decreases.
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4) Gravitational field intensity
WHERE :
E ⃗ = Gravitational field intensity
M = Mass of Earth
G = Gravitational constant
r = Distance between gravitational points of objects
IMPORTANT: Gravitational field intensity is used to find strength of gravitational field . The gravitational field intensity is a vector.
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5) Gravitational potential
WHERE :
V = Gravitational potential
M = Mass of Earth
G = Gravitational constant
r = Distance between gravitational points of objects
IMPORTANT: As the energy is released, the gravitational potential is marked with (-).
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6) Gravitational potential energy
E = V m
WHERE :
E = Gravitational potential energy
V = Gravitational potential
m = Mass
NOTE: The gravitational potential of infinity is zero when there is no gravitational field.
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7) Escape velocity
WHERE :
u = Escape velocity
M = Mass of Earth
G = Gravitational constant
R = Radius of the earth
g = Gravitational acceleration
NOTE : Escape velocity is the minimum velocity required for an object to move away from the Earth's gravitational field. Earth's Escape velocity is 11 km per second.
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8) Energy required to launch a satellite into orbit
WHERE :
E = The energy required to launch a satellite into orbit
M = Mass of Earth
m = Mass of the satellite
G = Gravitational constant
R = Radius of the earth
r = Distance from the Earth's center to the satellite
NOTE : This will only take the satellite into orbit. The total energy spent on the orbit is subtracted from the total energy of the satellite on the earth.
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9) Total energy required to orbit the satellite
WHERE :
E = The total energy required to get satellite into orbit
M = Mass of Earth
m = Mass of the satellite
G = Gravitational constant
R = Radius of the earth
r = Distance from the Earth's center to the satellite
NOTE : To orbit the satellite, it must first be taken into orbit and then given the proper velocity.
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